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Oncology refers to the branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer or tumours. Most cancers have four stages. The specific stage is determined by a few different factors, including the tumour’s size and location: • Stage 0: Stage 0 cancers are still located in the place they started in the form of abnormal cells. They have not spread to nearby tissues. This stage of cancer is often curable. Surgery can usually remove the entire tumor. • Stage I: The cancer is localized to a small area and hasn’t spread to lymph nodes or other tissues. • Stage II and Stage III: The cancer has grown larger and has possibly spread to lymph nodes or other tissues. • Stage IV: The cancer has spread to other organs or areas of your body. This stage is also referred to as metastatic or advanced cancer. The cancer is diagnosed through imaging procedures such as Computerized tomography (CT) scan, Magnetic Resonance imaging, positron emission tomography (PET) scan as well as biopsy test. The treatment varies from chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy to surgical procedures for treatment of cancer. The type and cost of treatment depends upon the affected body part or organ, severity of cancer, age of patient etc.

Key procedures



Procedure Name

Description

Minimum cost

Maximum Cost

Days for hospitalisation

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a course of drug treatment used in the middle or later stages of cancer that uses powerful chemicals to kill or damage the fast-growing cancer cells in the body. During a course of treatment, you usually have around 4 to 8 cycles of treatment spread over 3-6 month duration.
The therapy is performed weekly, bi-weekly or monthly. The length of treatment course depends upon the type of cancer, the extent of cancer, the types of drugs that are given, as well as the expected toxicities of the drugs and the amount of time necessary to recover from these toxicities

15000 per cycle

60000 per cycle

Outpatient procedure

Surgery

Cancerous tumors that haven’t spread may be removed with surgery. This surgery can also be combined with chemotherapy or radiation to shrink a tumor before surgery or to kill cancer cells that may remain after surgery.

250000

1200000

3-4 days

External Beam Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy is used in the early stages of cancer. In this procedure, an external beam of radiation is projected to the body part to kill cancer cells or slow their growth. Most patients get radiation treatments daily for 4 to 8 weeks.
The total dose of radiation over the course of treatment required  will depend upon the size and location of cancer, type of cancer, reason for treatment.

40000

1800000

Outpatient procedure

Internal Radiation Therapy

In Internal radiation therapy, the source of radiation which can be either solid  (brachytherapy) or liquid (systemic therapy), is put inside the body to expose the cancer cells to radiation to reduce their growth and recurrence.
Brachytherapy is used to treat cancers of the head and neck, breast, cervix, prostate, and eye. systemic radiation therapy  used to treat certain types of thyroid cancer, prostate cancer. The therapy is performed through multiple session across a single or multiple weeks.

55000

450000

0-2 days

Immunotherapy

A new form of cancer treatment  for advanced stage cancers in which the body's immune system is boosted to fight the cancer cells through the help of infusion of hormones or drugs. The treatment might not be effective for all the patients. The treatment is being used with increasing frequency across a wide array of cancers including  lung cancer, bladder and kidney cancer

120000 per session

150000 per session

Outpatient procedure

Stem Cell Transplant

Stem cells are the basic building blocks from which the body's all other cells (blood cells, tissue cells) are made. These are typically found in the bone marrow ((the spongy center of certain bones).
A stem cell transplant is a complicated procedure performed  to treat blood related cancers such as leukaemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, sickle cell anemia when other procedures are not completely effective. The procedure involves taking healthy stem cells from the blood or bone marrow of a close family member with the same or similar tissue type – and transferring them to patient. This is called an allogeneic transplant.
There is another procedure called autologus transplant in which stem cells are removed from your own body and transplant them later, after any damaged or diseased cells have been removed.

        1,200,000

          2,000,000

20-25 days for autologus
28-36 days for allogenic

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